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动词

英语1个月前更新 wu
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一、动词分类(单招必考核心,占语法题 35%)

(一)实义动词(单选 / 填空高频)

  1. 及物动词:必须接宾语(考纲明确考点)
    • 真题示例:He ______ a book from the library yesterday.(2024 陕西单招改编)
A. borrow B. borrowed C. borrows D. borrowing
答案:B(过去时标志词 yesterday + 及物动词接宾语)
    • 易错提醒:禁止无宾语使用(错误:She bought → 正确:She bought a pen
  1. 不及物动词:介词搭配为单招必考点
    • 考纲必记搭配:arrive at(小地点)/in(大地点)、listen to、wait for、look at、agree with
    • 真题陷阱:We waited ______ him for 2 hours.(2023 陕西单招)
A. / B. to C. for D. at
答案:C(固定搭配 wait for)

(二)系动词(改错题型重灾区)

  1. 感官系动词(look/sound/taste/smell/feel)后接形容词(考纲核心规则)
    • 真题示例:The cake tastes ______.(陕西单招真题)
A. well B. good C. nicely D. beautifully
答案:B(系动词 + 形容词作表语,well 作形容词仅表 “健康”)
  1. 考纲重点系动词:be、become、get、seem、turn(新增考纲补充词汇)
    • 注意:turn后接名词零冠词(He turned teacher 而非 a teacher

(三)助动词(时态构成基础)

  • 单招必考三组:do/does(一般现在时)、have/has(现在完成时)、be(进行时)
  • 否定 / 疑问结构(考纲基础考点):
    • 错误:He not like coffee → 正确:He doesn’t like coffee
    • 错误:Have you finish it? → 正确:Have you finished it?

(四)情态动词(单选高频,占 10%)

  • 考纲核心考点:后接动词原形,无人称变化
    • 真题示例:— ______ I use your phone? — Yes, you can.(陕西单招改编)
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Should
答案:B(请求许可用 may)
    • 必记功能:can(能力)、may(许可)、must(义务)、should(建议)、needn’t(不必)
    • 易错点:mustn’t(禁止)≠ needn’t(不必)(2022 单招改错考点)

二、时态搭配(重中之重,占语法题 40%)

(一)考纲 8 大核心时态表(依据职业高中教学大纲)

时态
结构
时间标志词(单招高频)
真题示例
一般现在时
主语 + 动词原形 / 三单
every day, often
He ______ (go) to school by bus.
一般过去时
主语 + 动词过去式
yesterday, last week
They ______ (visit) Xi’an in 2023.
一般将来时
will + 动词原形
tomorrow, next year
I ______ (help) you with math.
现在进行时
am/is/are+doing
now, look
Look! She ______ (dance).
过去进行时
was/were+doing
at 8 last night
He ______ (study) at 8pm yesterday.
现在完成时
have/has+done
already, since 2020
We ______ (finish) the work.
过去完成时
had+done
by 2022
They ______ (leave) when I arrived.
过去将来时
would + 动词原形
told, said
She said she ______ (come) soon.

(二)时态易错点(单招改错 / 单选高频陷阱)

  1. 标志词对应错误:He is reading a book yesterday.(改为 was reading)
  1. 现在完成时与一般过去时混淆:
    • 真题对比:
      • (完成时)I ______ (live) here for 5 years.(have lived)
      • (过去时)I ______ (live) here in 2019.(lived)

三、语态(占语法题 15%,单招重点考 3 种)

(一)考纲核心语态结构

语态
结构
真题示例
一般现在时被动
am/is/are+done
The letter ______ (send) every day.
一般过去时被动
was/were+done
The bridge ______ (build) in 2020.
现在完成时被动
have/has+been+done
The work ______ (finish) already.

(二)被动语态必记规则

  1. 不及物动词无被动:happen, appear, come true(错误:The accident was happened
  1. 主动表被动:The pen writes well.(主语特征用主动)

四、非谓语动词(单招难点,占 10%)

(一)考纲核心考点(不定式 / 动名词 / 分词)

  1. 不定式(to + 动词原形):
    • 作宾语:want/decide/hope+to do(She wants ______ (visit) Beijing.
    • 作状语:to+do 表目的(He came here ______ (study) English.
  1. 动名词(doing):
    • 作宾语:enjoy/finish/avoid+doing(They enjoy ______ (play) football.
    • 固定搭配:be good at/insist on+doing
  1. 分词:
    • 现在分词(doing):表主动 / 进行(The ______ (smile) girl is my friend.
    • 过去分词(done):表被动 / 完成(The ______ (break) cup is on the floor.

(二)非谓语动词真题示例

  • He decided ______ (learn) English well.(2024 单招)答案:to learn
  • My mother enjoys ______ (cook) for us.(2023 单招)答案:cooking

五、单招应试黄金技巧

  1. 标志词定位法:看到 yesterday 用过去时,now 用进行时,for + 时间段用完成时
  1. 固定搭配记忆法:每天背诵 5 个动词短语(如 look forward to doing)
  1. 错误排除法
    • 系动词后接形容词→排除副词(well/nicely)
    • 情态动词后接原形→排除 doing / 过去式
  1. 真题复刻训练:反复练习 2022-2024 年动词相关真题(占语法题 60%)

六、高频易错动词对照表(单招改错必考)

错误形式
正确形式
考点解析
He don’t like music.
He doesn’t like music.
助动词三单变化
She is look happy.
She looks happy.
系动词用法(无进行时)
They have finish the work.
They have finished it.
现在完成时结构
I want go to school.
I want to go to school.
不定式作宾语
The book is very well.
The book is very good.
系动词 + 形容词
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