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形容词

英语1个月前发布 wu
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一、形容词分类(单招基础考点,占 4%)

(一)高频考查类别(考纲明确重点)

类别
功能
单招高频例词
真题示例(源自 2024/2019/2021 真题)
描述性形容词
修饰名词(表性质 / 特征)
tall、expensive、beautiful、happy
The dress is quite ______ (expensive).(2024 单选 4)
限定性形容词
限定名词范围
some、any、many、much、every、each
______ of the students gets a gift.(each,2024 单选 5)
表语形容词
仅作表语(系动词后)
afraid、alone、asleep、ill
He feels ______ (ill) today.
复合形容词
合成形式(多作定语)
kind-hearted、hard-working、two-year-old
She is a ______ (hard-working) student.

(二)核心区分(单招单选陷阱)

  • 形容词≠副词:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词 / 形容词(避免 “形副混淆”,真题高频陷阱)
    • 真题示例:She sings a ______ song.(2021 完形改编)
A. beautiful B. beautifully C. beauty D. beautify
答案:A(修饰名词 song 用形容词)
  • 表语形容词不可作定语:an asleep boy → 正确:a sleeping boyan ill man → 正确:a sick man

二、形容词基本用法(单招重点,占 7%)

(一)主要功能与位置(改错 / 完形高频考点)

  1. 作定语:位于名词前(多个形容词修饰时需注意顺序)
    • 正确:a tall building、a beautiful red flower
    • 真题示例:I have a ______ (new) book.(2019 句型转换改编)
    • 多个形容词修饰顺序(单招必考):限定词→描绘词→大小→形状→颜色→国籍→材料→名词
▶ 记忆口诀:“限描大形龄色国材名”
▶ 真题示例:a ______ (small round red) apple(2024 完形改编)
  1. 作表语:位于系动词(be/feel/look/sound/become 等)后
    • 正确:He is happy. / The music sounds wonderful.
    • 错误:He looks happily. → 正确:He looks happy.(2022 改错真题)
  1. 作宾语补足语:位于宾语后,补充说明宾语特征
    • 正确:We keep our classroom clean. / Make it easy.
    • 真题陷阱:Let’s make the room ______ (comfort).(2021 完形)
答案:comfortable(用形容词作宾补)

(二)常见易错点

  1. 形容词修饰动词(误用):run quick → 正确:run quickly(副词修饰动词)
  1. 表语形容词作定语:an afraid child → 正确:a frightened child
  1. 多个形容词顺序颠倒:a red small ball → 正确:a small red ball
  1. 限定词与形容词位置错误:some books interesting → 正确:some interesting books

三、形容词比较级与最高级(单招重中之重,占 6%)

(一)考纲核心变化规则

变化类型
规则
例词
真题示例(源自 2024/2019 真题)
单音节形容词
加 er/est(以 e 结尾加 r/st;重读闭音节双写尾字母)
tall→taller→tallest、big→bigger→biggest
Are you ______ than your deskmate?(taller,2024 单选 3)
双音节形容词
多数加 more/most;部分可加 er/est(clever/nice 等)
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful、clever→cleverer/more clever
This story is ______ than that one.(more interesting,2019 单选改编)
不规则变化
特殊记忆
good/well→better→best、many/much→more→most、little→less→least
This is the ______ book I’ve ever read.(best,2024 完形改编)

(二)单招必考句型

  1. 比较级:A + 系动词 + 比较级 + than + B
    • 真题示例:Bill is ______ than his father.(taller,2019 单选 15)
A. the tallest B. taller C. tallest D. tall
答案:B(than 标志比较级)
  1. 最高级:A + 系动词 + the + 最高级 + 范围词(in/of)
    • 真题示例:This is ______ movie in 2024.(the most exciting,2024 单选改编)
A. exciting B. more exciting C. most exciting D. the most exciting
答案:D(in 2024 表范围,需加 the)
  1. 原级比较:as + 原级 + as(和…… 一样);not as/so + 原级 + as(不如……)
    • 真题示例:She is as ______ as her sister.(hard-working,2021 完形改编)

(三)易错点规避

  1. 最高级遗漏 the:most beautifulthe most beautiful(2022 改错真题)
  1. 双音节形容词误用 er/est:more talltallerbeautifulermore beautiful
  1. 比较级重复修饰:more betterbettermuch more tallermuch taller
  1. 不规则变化记错:gooderbettermanyermore

四、易混淆形容词(单招改错核心,占 2%)

易混词对
用法区别
错误形式
正确形式
interested(感兴趣的)vs interesting(令人感兴趣的)
修饰人用 interested;修饰物用 interesting
The book is interested.
The book is interesting. / He is interested in the book.
excited(兴奋的)vs exciting(令人兴奋的)
修饰人用 excited;修饰物用 exciting
She is exciting about the news.
She is excited about the news. / It’s an exciting news.
lonely(孤独的;偏僻的)vs alone(独自的)
lonely 表情感 / 地点特征;alone 表状态
He lives lonely.
He lives alone. / He feels lonely.
farther(距离远)vs further(程度深)
farther 指具体距离;further 指抽象 “进一步”
I want to study farther.
I want to study further. / He ran farther than me.

五、固定搭配(单招陷阱题集中区,占 1%)

(一)考纲必记搭配

  1. be + 形容词 + 介词:be good at(擅长)、be interested in(对…… 感兴趣)、be afraid of(害怕)、be famous for(因…… 著名)
    • 真题示例:Tony is really good ______ maths.(at,2024 单选 9)
  1. it is + 形容词 + to do 句型:It is important to learn English.(2024 单选 16)
  1. 形容词 + 名词固定搭配:a good idea(好主意)、heavy rain(大雨)、high temperature(高温)

(二)真题示例

  • It is important ______ English well.(to learn,2024 单选 16)
A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn
答案:C(it is + 形容词 + to do 固定句型)
  • She is interested ______ painting.(in,2021 完形改编)
A. on B. in C. at D. for
答案:B(be interested in 固定搭配)

六、单招应试黄金技巧

  1. 形容词判断口诀:“名前作定语,系后作表语,宾后作补足,修饰名词是核心”
  1. 比较级 / 最高级定位法:看到 than→用比较级;看到 in/of 短语→用最高级 + the;看到 as→用原级
  1. 改错优先查:① 形副混淆(形容词修饰动词);② 比较级 / 最高级形式错误;③ 表语形容词作定语;④ 多个形容词顺序颠倒
  1. 真题秒杀技巧:遇到 “more + 单音节形容词” 直接排除(如 more tall→错误,应为 taller)

七、高频易错形容词对照表(单招改错必考)

错误形式
正确形式
考点解析
He is more taller.
He is taller.
单音节形容词直接加 er,无需 more
The movie is interested.
The movie is interesting.
修饰物用 – ing 形式形容词
She looks happily.
She looks happy.
系动词后用形容词作表语
a red small box
a small red box
多个形容词顺序:大小→颜色
I am afraid of to speak English.
I am afraid to speak English.
be afraid + to do(固定搭配)
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