一、形容词分类(单招基础考点,占 4%)
(一)高频考查类别(考纲明确重点)
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类别
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功能
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单招高频例词
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真题示例(源自 2024/2019/2021 真题)
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描述性形容词
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修饰名词(表性质 / 特征)
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tall、expensive、beautiful、happy
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The dress is quite ______ (expensive).(2024 单选 4)
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限定性形容词
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限定名词范围
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some、any、many、much、every、each
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______ of the students gets a gift.(each,2024 单选 5)
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表语形容词
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仅作表语(系动词后)
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afraid、alone、asleep、ill
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He feels ______ (ill) today.
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复合形容词
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合成形式(多作定语)
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kind-hearted、hard-working、two-year-old
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She is a ______ (hard-working) student.
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(二)核心区分(单招单选陷阱)
- 形容词≠副词:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词 / 形容词(避免 “形副混淆”,真题高频陷阱)
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- 真题示例:She sings a ______ song.(2021 完形改编)
A. beautiful B. beautifully C. beauty D. beautify
答案:A(修饰名词 song 用形容词)
- 表语形容词不可作定语:an asleep boy → 正确:a sleeping boy;an ill man → 正确:a sick man
二、形容词基本用法(单招重点,占 7%)
(一)主要功能与位置(改错 / 完形高频考点)
- 作定语:位于名词前(多个形容词修饰时需注意顺序)
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- 正确:a tall building、a beautiful red flower
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- 真题示例:I have a ______ (new) book.(2019 句型转换改编)
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- 多个形容词修饰顺序(单招必考):限定词→描绘词→大小→形状→颜色→国籍→材料→名词
▶ 记忆口诀:“限描大形龄色国材名”
▶ 真题示例:a ______ (small round red) apple(2024 完形改编)
- 作表语:位于系动词(be/feel/look/sound/become 等)后
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- 正确:He is happy. / The music sounds wonderful.
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- 错误:He looks happily. → 正确:He looks happy.(2022 改错真题)
- 作宾语补足语:位于宾语后,补充说明宾语特征
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- 正确:We keep our classroom clean. / Make it easy.
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- 真题陷阱:Let’s make the room ______ (comfort).(2021 完形)
答案:comfortable(用形容词作宾补)
(二)常见易错点
- 形容词修饰动词(误用):run quick → 正确:run quickly(副词修饰动词)
- 表语形容词作定语:an afraid child → 正确:a frightened child
- 多个形容词顺序颠倒:a red small ball → 正确:a small red ball
- 限定词与形容词位置错误:some books interesting → 正确:some interesting books
三、形容词比较级与最高级(单招重中之重,占 6%)
(一)考纲核心变化规则
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变化类型
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规则
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例词
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真题示例(源自 2024/2019 真题)
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单音节形容词
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加 er/est(以 e 结尾加 r/st;重读闭音节双写尾字母)
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tall→taller→tallest、big→bigger→biggest
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Are you ______ than your deskmate?(taller,2024 单选 3)
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双音节形容词
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多数加 more/most;部分可加 er/est(clever/nice 等)
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beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful、clever→cleverer/more clever
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This story is ______ than that one.(more interesting,2019 单选改编)
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不规则变化
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特殊记忆
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good/well→better→best、many/much→more→most、little→less→least
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This is the ______ book I’ve ever read.(best,2024 完形改编)
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(二)单招必考句型
- 比较级:A + 系动词 + 比较级 + than + B
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- 真题示例:Bill is ______ than his father.(taller,2019 单选 15)
A. the tallest B. taller C. tallest D. tall
答案:B(than 标志比较级)
- 最高级:A + 系动词 + the + 最高级 + 范围词(in/of)
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- 真题示例:This is ______ movie in 2024.(the most exciting,2024 单选改编)
A. exciting B. more exciting C. most exciting D. the most exciting
答案:D(in 2024 表范围,需加 the)
- 原级比较:as + 原级 + as(和…… 一样);not as/so + 原级 + as(不如……)
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- 真题示例:She is as ______ as her sister.(hard-working,2021 完形改编)
(三)易错点规避
- 最高级遗漏 the:most beautiful → the most beautiful(2022 改错真题)
- 双音节形容词误用 er/est:more tall → taller;beautifuler → more beautiful
- 比较级重复修饰:more better → better;much more taller → much taller
- 不规则变化记错:gooder → better;manyer → more
四、易混淆形容词(单招改错核心,占 2%)
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易混词对
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用法区别
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错误形式
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正确形式
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interested(感兴趣的)vs interesting(令人感兴趣的)
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修饰人用 interested;修饰物用 interesting
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The book is interested.
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The book is interesting. / He is interested in the book.
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excited(兴奋的)vs exciting(令人兴奋的)
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修饰人用 excited;修饰物用 exciting
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She is exciting about the news.
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She is excited about the news. / It’s an exciting news.
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lonely(孤独的;偏僻的)vs alone(独自的)
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lonely 表情感 / 地点特征;alone 表状态
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He lives lonely.
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He lives alone. / He feels lonely.
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farther(距离远)vs further(程度深)
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farther 指具体距离;further 指抽象 “进一步”
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I want to study farther.
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I want to study further. / He ran farther than me.
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五、固定搭配(单招陷阱题集中区,占 1%)
(一)考纲必记搭配
- be + 形容词 + 介词:be good at(擅长)、be interested in(对…… 感兴趣)、be afraid of(害怕)、be famous for(因…… 著名)
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- 真题示例:Tony is really good ______ maths.(at,2024 单选 9)
- it is + 形容词 + to do 句型:It is important to learn English.(2024 单选 16)
- 形容词 + 名词固定搭配:a good idea(好主意)、heavy rain(大雨)、high temperature(高温)
(二)真题示例
- It is important ______ English well.(to learn,2024 单选 16)
A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn
答案:C(it is + 形容词 + to do 固定句型)
- She is interested ______ painting.(in,2021 完形改编)
A. on B. in C. at D. for
答案:B(be interested in 固定搭配)
六、单招应试黄金技巧
- 形容词判断口诀:“名前作定语,系后作表语,宾后作补足,修饰名词是核心”
- 比较级 / 最高级定位法:看到 than→用比较级;看到 in/of 短语→用最高级 + the;看到 as→用原级
- 改错优先查:① 形副混淆(形容词修饰动词);② 比较级 / 最高级形式错误;③ 表语形容词作定语;④ 多个形容词顺序颠倒
- 真题秒杀技巧:遇到 “more + 单音节形容词” 直接排除(如 more tall→错误,应为 taller)
七、高频易错形容词对照表(单招改错必考)
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错误形式
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正确形式
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考点解析
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He is more taller.
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He is taller.
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单音节形容词直接加 er,无需 more
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The movie is interested.
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The movie is interesting.
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修饰物用 – ing 形式形容词
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She looks happily.
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She looks happy.
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系动词后用形容词作表语
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a red small box
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a small red box
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多个形容词顺序:大小→颜色
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I am afraid of to speak English.
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I am afraid to speak English.
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be afraid + to do(固定搭配)
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