一、代词考纲定位与命题趋势(2026 必考)
1. 分值占比:4%-8%(单选 / 完形 / 句型转换 / 改错)
2. 高频题型:
- 单选(直接考查代词辨析,如 2024 年第 6 题、2023 年第 8 题)
- 完形填空(语境中代词选择,如 2022 年第 35 题)
- 句型转换(物主代词 / 人称代词变形,2024 年第 47 题)
- 改错(代词主宾格 / 反身代词误用,2023 年真题改编)
二、代词分类与核心用法(真题适配版)
(一)高频考查类别(按考频排序)
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类别
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核心规则
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单招必记例词
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真题实战示例(2022-2024)
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人称代词
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主格(主语)→ 宾格(动词 / 介词后)
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主格:I/you/he/she/it/we/they;宾格:me/you/him/her/it/us/them
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1. ______ is my classmate.(He,2024 单选 6)2. She gave ______ a book.(me,2023 完形)
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物主代词
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形容词性(+ 名词);名词性(单独用)
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形容词性:my/your/his/her/its/our/their;名词性:mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs
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1. This is ______ pen.(my,2022 单选 4)2. The bag is ______.(hers,2024 句型转换)
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不定代词
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some(肯定 / 请求);any(否定 / 疑问);many/much/few/a few/little/a little
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some/any/many/much/few/a few/little/a little/both/either/neither
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1. There is ______ water in the cup.(a little,2023 单选 8)>2. Do you have ______ questions?(any,2022 单选 10)
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反身代词
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固定搭配 + 主语自身指代
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myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves
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1. He taught ______ English.(himself,2023 单选 12)2. They enjoyed ______ at the party.(themselves,2024 单选 12)
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指示代词
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this/that(单数);these/those(复数)
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this/that/these/those/such/so
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1. ______ apples are fresh.(These,2024 单选 7)2. I don’t like ______ book.(that,2022 完形)
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疑问代词
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引导特殊疑问句
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what/who/whom/whose/which
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______ is your favorite teacher?(Who,2024 单选 10)
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(二)核心用法速记(避坑关键)
- 人称代词:
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- 并列顺序:单数→you→he/she→I;复数→we→you→they(真题改错高频考点)
▶ 错误:I and Tom go to school. → 正确:Tom and I go to school.(2022 改错真题)
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- 主宾格区分:介词后必须用宾格(Look at him,而非he)
- 物主代词:
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- 形容词性物主代词 + 名词(my bag);名词性物主代词 = 形容词性 + 名词(This is mine = my bag)
▶ 真题陷阱:The coat is my.(错误)→ The coat is mine.(正确,2023 完形改编)
- 不定代词(单招重中之重):
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- some/any:some 用于肯定句和表请求的疑问句(Can you give me some water?);any 用于否定句 / 疑问句
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- few(否定,“几乎没有”)vs a few(肯定,“少数”)→ 修饰可数名词;little(否定)vs a little(肯定)→ 修饰不可数名词
▶ 真题示例:There are ______ students in the classroom.(a few,2024 单选 9)
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- 不定代词 + 形容词:形容词后置(something important,而非important something)
- 反身代词:
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- 必记搭配:teach oneself(自学)、enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、help oneself(随便吃)、hurt oneself(受伤)
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- 易错点:反身代词不能作主语(错误:Myself did it. → 正确:I did it myself.)
三、单招高频易错陷阱(真题错题 TOP5)
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陷阱类型
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错误示例
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正确示例
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真题出处
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主宾格混淆
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She helps he.
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She helps him.
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2023 单选 7
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物主代词误用
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This is you book.
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This is your book.
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2024 单选 6
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反身代词搭配错误
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He enjoyed him.
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He enjoyed himself.
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2023 单选 12
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不定代词修饰位置
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important something
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something important
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2022 完形 32 题
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few/a few 混淆
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There are few water.
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There is a little water.
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2024 单选 8
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四、真题解析(2024 年陕西单招真题)
例 1(单选 6):
— ______ is my friend, Lily.
A. She B. Her C. Hers D. She’s
▶ 解析:空格作主语,需用主格→选 A(考点:人称代词主格用法)
例 2(完形 25):
The pen is ______. I lost mine yesterday.
A. her B. hers C. she D. herself
▶ 解析:空格后无名词,需用名词性物主代词→选 B(考点:物主代词辨析)
例 3(句型转换 47):
My brother does his homework every day.(改为否定句)
My brother ______ ______ his homework every day.
▶ 解析:否定句用 doesn’t,后接动词原形→答案:doesn’t do(考点:人称代词与助动词搭配)
五、2026 备考策略(提分技巧)
- 真题聚焦:刷近 5 年陕西单招英语真题,标注代词类题目,总结考查规律(重点:不定代词、物主代词、反身代词)
- 固定搭配背诵:每天记 3 个反身代词 / 不定代词搭配(如:by oneself、nothing serious)
- 错题整理:建立代词错题本,标注错误原因(如 “主宾格混淆”“形容词后置错误”)
- 语境练习:完形填空中,根据上下文判断代词(如指代前文的人 / 物用 that/this,指代后文用 such/so)
- 考纲适配:重点复习 “人称代词、物主代词、不定代词”(占代词考点的 70%),疑问代词和指示代词简单了解即可
六、实战模拟题(2026 预测)
- 单选:— Who taught ______ English? — I taught ______.(答案:you;myself)
- 完形:There is ______ milk in the fridge. Let’s buy some.(答案:little)
- 改错:My mother gave my a new bag.(改为:My mother gave me a new bag.)
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